Film Study: But I'm A Cheerleader

  

  But I'm A Cheerleader, which is a film that released by Jamie Babbit on 12 September 1999. The writer is Brian Wayne Peterson. This movie was released on 11August 2000. This film was applied to the film movement, which is the queer theory. Queer theory is a theory appeared in the early 1900s. The word Queer has the meaning of homosexual as the key point.

FILM STUDY: CLUELESS

  Clueless is an American film written and directed by Amy Heckerling in 1955.  The film movement that this movie used is feminist film theory, which is the theory that the female character will make their own choice.

  This kind of film theory started in the 1920s when the people started to look at women's expression of her own subjectivity. Feminism is a belief that in political, economic and also the cultural equality of woman. The female is looking for equality in society. In the early cinema, the filmmaker tends to stereotype female that which have a negative impression in specific in certain of the work or behaviour. However, the film today is more different than the previous film, which can show the woman power and they will look different compared to our impression of a woman.

  This film is talking about a female named Cher Horowitz and her best friend named Dionne Davenport, they attend Bronson Alcott High School. Due to her bad result, she decides to help the teachers to facilitates the relationship so it will make them relax their grading standard. Tai Frasier, who is the new girl at school, Cher and Dionne help her makeover herself and help her to match with Elton. After that, Tai wants Cher's help in pursuing Josh. Cher rejects Tai and they quarrel. Cher realizes that she loves Josh.

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Film Study- Quarantine

 

 Quarantine, which is a 2008 American found-footage horror film, the director and co-writer
 is John Erick Dowdle, the producer is Sergio Aguero, Doug Davison, and Roy Lee. the other co-writer is Drew Dowdle. This film is a remake of the Spanish film, which names REC. This film is based on the concept of documentary to shot this movie, it makes the film like aa real events, but it's not. The documentary is a movie movement that is non-fiction films, so the story in the film is the real events, like an animal documentary, not imaginary by the director.

  Bill Nichols, he proposed a theory that looks at documentaries via the particular techniques selected by the filmmakers when they record the event. The documentary has six modes of representation, which is poetic, expository, observational, interactive, reflexive and performative. Poetic documentaries focus on opening up the possibility of alternative forms of knowledge to the straightforward transfer of information, the prosecution of a particular argument or point of view, or the presentation of reasoned propositions about problems in need of a solution. This type of film the mode will stress on the mode, tone and affect much more than displays of knowledge or acts of persuasion. About the expository, it is using the Voice-of-God to have a comment, and also like tell the story to the audience, it can seek to disclose the information about the historical world itself and to see that world afresh, even if these views came to seem romantic and didactic. The next one is observational, which is a mode of representation that allowed the filmmaker to record what people did when they were not explicitly addressing the camera. However, it also limited the filmmaker to the present moment and required a disciplined detachment from the event themselves. The next one is interactive documentary. It invited the subjects to participate with the filmmaker, it usually is an interview that to present in the scene. It will loke like the first-person storytelling that because it used the point of view shot. The other is reflexive documentaries, the filmmaker will expose the techniques employed for representation, challenging the documentary's means of revealing the truth. It keeps reminding the audiences that besides the certain issue, they are also watching the film, that is attempting to represent reality.

  Quarantine, is a film talking about a news reporter, Angela Vidal and cameraman, Scott Percival to interview the firefighters. They are assigned to follow firefighters and given a department tour. They received the call from the apartment and start to rush to the apartment. When they arrived the apartment, the old lady attack the firefighter and they revealed that there has a kind of virus that makes the people become zombies. They started to try to escape the apartment, but the apartment has been cut off from outside.

  Quarantine is a mockumentary film, which means that is a fictional film but the camerawork in this film will look like a documentary. There is some documentary mode used in this film as performative is the main mode in this film. This is a fictional story and filmed in a documentary way, which mean the event is not the reality. The film will not tell the audience what is the truth, but they can have an idea that while running the story. For example, the problem of the apartment will not be telling the audience in early of the story. However, when the story almost close to the end, the audience can have an idea of it. The next one is interactive. The audience can notice that the first scene, which is Angela and the cameraman interview the firefighter and ask some question to the firefighter and also have some interaction with them. She also speaking to the camera, it makes that it is a real interview. The last one is the reflexive mode, we can notice that it appear in the first scene, which Angela and Scott are testing the equipment and also the practice of the opening. Other than, when they felt in dark scenes, Scott will change the camera become night vision. It will be reminding the audience is looking at the video, and how it is the truth.

  In conclusion, the documentary is a very interesting film movement, it has six of the mode which is poetic, expository, observational, interactive, reflexive and also performative. It has different of the concept and it also can mix them together to create a film like Quarantine, which main in performative mode and the following is interactive and reflexive. The documentary is one of the famous styles for this generation video, which we can see in social media. In my opinion, documentary is an interesting film movement, because the audience will think that it is the truth for a movement, and it also can increase the tension of the film.

Film Study: Breathless (À bout de souffle)

  The film breathless also knows as À bout de souffle(French), is a French New Wave crime drama film. The writer and also the director is Jean-Luc Godard. This film was produced in 1960 in France and produced by Georges De Beauregard. The running time of the film is 87 minutes and the language of this film was used French and English. This film also as the first French New Wave film. It brought attention from other countries because of its new styles of French filmmaking.

  The French New Wave was started in 1959 by Jean-Luc Godard, which is the file name Breathless. This film movement is ended in 1969 with the film named Weekend, which also directed by Jean-Luc Godard. The film in French was mainly literary adaptations, which mean that the filmmaker will find out the story from the novel and transfer it to a film. These films were usually filmed within the studio system or on big-budget spectacles and international co-productions. In the 1950s, the film movement, which is the documentary movement that happened in France. There are lots of filmmakers were making the documentary of Nazi death camps, cinema verite and sane man in the lunatic asylum. 

  The French New Wave film has used handheld shot to shot the hold movie and also used long take technique. The editing style is lots of the jump cuts that show the change of the place or also the time of the story. This film movement rejected montage aesthetics and favouring on mise-en-scene. The ideology of this selection is because they think the film should not just be intellectual or rational experiences, it might also include the emotional and also psychological experiences. The next is about personal authorship, the ideology of it is the "Policy of Authors" or the Auteur Theory. It states that the film should be an agency of personal artistic expression, bearing the filmmaker's signature, which the personality, controlling the obsession and cardinal themes. By the way, the dialogues of the character might be improvised, it can look more natural than only follow the plot. In 1969, the directors have developed their own styles and made mainstream films based on this film movement. It is also the end of the "wave".

  Michel who is the criminal, he stole a car in Marseille and shoots and kills a policeman that who follow him. When he was on the run from police, he fell in love with the American, who named Patricia, a student also an aspiring journalist who sells the New York Herald Tribune. After that, she knows that Michel is a criminal from the police. At last, she decides to betray Michel, and tell him what she was done. The police shoot Michel in the street and he died out of breath.

  In this film, there are some of the dialogues are improvised from the actor, they make the talk between each other become more natural. For example, the beginning of the scene, which is the first scene that Michel driving on the car, few of the dialogue is improvised himself. The more special things in this movie are about the camera movement, which is the handheld camera. We can notice that sometimes the camera was not stable like the first scene in the car, the camera was a bit shaking. Also when the police shoot Michel at the last scene, the camera was shaking little to show that the effect of they have running, it makes the movement become more realistic. About the sound, this film was recorded all of the sounds of the scene. For example, when Michel was talking to Patricia, we can notice that there is some sound come from the windows, like the sound caused by the car. The editing style is the jump cut, the audiences can notice that there are lots of the jump cut used in this film. For the example of Michel shoot the police, he picks out his gun, the camera focus on the gun and cut to the police get shooting with the gun shooting sound effect. It can let the audience know that the police was shot by Micheal. However, sometime the audience will get a little bit confusing when the jump cut was using in a bad way. The long shot also applied to this film, which is Michel talking with Patricia in her apartment. It takes a very long time to show them talking with each other.

  In conclusion, the French New Wave is a film movement that appears in the early 1950s until the 1960s. It uses lots of jump cuts as the editing style and the long shot. Sometimes the dialogue of the characters might be improvised, it can look more natural. Also, they were favouring on mise-en-scene. The filmmakers develop their own new style film after the 1960s. Jean-Luc Godard is the only people that continue with this film movement.



  

  

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Film Study-Bicycle Thieves

  Ladri di biciclette (Italian), also know as Bicycle Thieves is an Italian neorealism film, which directed by Vittorio De Sica in 1948. The producer of this film is Ercole Graziadei, Sergio Bernardi and Count Cicogna. This film received an Academy Honorary Award in 1950 and it also the greatest film of all time by Sight & Sound magazine's poll of filmmakers and critics. Until now, no matter it is a very old film, it also as a great film to influence the movie nowadays.

  Italian neorealism is one of the art styles that cause by World War II, which the main reason that devastated the national cinemas tremendously and it affects the stability of the cinema's economic. The Nazis destroyed the prewar European economy for setting up their own economy threshold. However, it hasn't maintained for a long time, the Nazi economy was eliminated when the end of World War II. Mashall Plan rebuilt the European national industries and allowed the production to develop and become large-scale. Another side, Italy's production facilities were intact because of early surrender when facing World War II. In 1922, Benito Mussolini takes over permission to make the Italian cinema was used as a form of propaganda, educating Italians with documentaries and newsreels. Benito Mussolini set up Cinecitta studios in Rome and he took charge of the studios and doubled Italian production within a year in 1937. Cesare Zavattini, who is the theoretical founder of neo-realism in 1942. He was suggesting the new form of Italian Cinema that abolishes contrived and planned plots, so he used the real people and location to build up the relation with contemporary social reality. Cesare Zavattini looked at the plot as a fake structure, the professionals' actors have complemented the lies. The first of the Neorealist film is Rome, Open City. It mostly shot on-location, which also in the ruins of the post-war era as the setting of the film. The grainy film stock is also has been used, it can give the newsreels look. About the sound, it was recorded and added after the shoots, it can also know as editing. The actor in this kind of film is a mixture of professional actors and non-actors. They usually used the Point of View shot to present the Socially-conscious and humanistic. It also has the element of melodramatic and also motivated to rebuilt national reputation. Neorealism was also known as a cinema of poverty and pessimism. It has been declined started from the 1950s, because of the changing of times, everything was changing for the better. It is revolutionary and happened between the time of non-revolutionary and prosperity and affluence.

  The story is set in the post-World War II Val Melaina neighbourhood of Room. Antonio Ricci receives the job of posting advertising bills. In the first day of his work, when he was posting the poster on the wall, there has a young man that snatches his bicycle. Antonio chased the thief, however, he misses the thief and failed to get back his bicycle. Antonio finds out some ways to find his bicycle back, but it failed again. After that, he encounters the thief and wanted to searches the thief's apartment. At the result, Antonio doesn't have witnesses and he failed for it. He and his child, Bruno leave in despair. After that, Antonio sees an unattended bicycle near a doorway. He decided to steal it, and he has been caught. The bicycle's owner notice s Bruno and forgive Antonio.

  In this film, the audience can notice that the stage, the scene is shot on the location. The environment of the place like the house was a bit different from other houses, it due to the building is still developing. The actor in this film is only one of the professional actor and others were the social actor. The main character in this film is the social actor, who were the people that don't have a lot of the experience on performance or acting. However, he can perform his character very well because they usually have the same kind of experience that familiar in the film. It totally applied Contemporary Social Realism in the film. Neorealism is showing the feeling of sadness, despair in this film. The main character Antonio Ricci as the desperate role in this film. He lost his bicycle when he was working, but the result is he failed to get his bicycle back. On the ways that he finds his bicycle, he started to change his mindset and want to steal others bicycle, however, he has been caught by lots of people. Antonio Ricci is feeling very unfair and also despair when his bicycle stolen by others, there don't have lots of people to help him. This is how the director applied Contemporary Social Realism in the film. It actually will always happen in our daily life.

  In conclusion, people can learn something through by Neorealism film like Contemporary Social Realism. We can notice that this concept also appears in our daily life. However, this film movement was declined in the early 1950s,



 

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FILM STUDY: The Maltese Falcon

                                                

  The Maltese Falcon is a film noir directed by John Huston. It released in 1941 in New York. This film is a dark film noir in the early 1940s in Hollywood. This film received three nominations at the 14th Academy Awards which is the  Best Picture, Sydney Greenstreet for Best Supporting Actor and John Huston for Best Adapted Screenplay.

  Film noir is a type of American films that 'invaded' French cinemas after World War II. The term film noir is about the "dark film" also "black film", the first film that applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1946. Film noir also features a world of criminals of darkness and violence with characters' central motives are usually greed, lust and ambition, drenched in fear, there don't have a perfect people in this world. In film noir, the audiences can see a lot of shadows in the film, which is caused by the dark. The lighting is usually used the high-contrast lighting, also knows ad the low key lighting, the scene usually lit for night. About the setting, the characters always appeared in the alleyways, cramped corridors and others of the specific places, and these setting in city-bound, comprising of the rain-washed road and dimly-lit interiors. The theme for this movement is cynical, pessimism and dark. It corrupted characters, fatalistic themes, hopeless tones, blurred morals and intellect. About the character, it is the hard-boiled antihero versus femme fatale film that shows the tales of criminal motives.

  About the story of this film is talking about a private detective, who named is Sam Spade, and his partner named Miles Archer. However, Sam not really like Miles. One day, a woman named Miss Wonderly appears in front of them, and everything has been change by that day. Miles has been killed. Miss Wonderly is surrounded by some dangerous men. And the story of the film starts, which shows the true side of mankind in this story.

  The Maltese Falcon was used lots of the shadow that to present the meaning of the scene to audiences. They use the high contrast lighting to shoot to the character and create the shadow to show the feeling of the character, like depressed, dangerous and others. The main character in the film is a hard-boiled antihero, the personality of the main character should be very selfish or others of the negative personality, it can have a strong contrast with others main character that from the different type of film. Also, there have two different kinds of female character in film noir, it can show the contrast between each other. The femme fatale, which is the female that take some advantages from the man to achieve the goal or something that she wants, usually these kinds of character will get the punishment in the last of the film. Other than, the pure or good female character will always help, care or support others character. However, each of these characters is not pure of good.

  In conclusion, The Maltese Falcon is a film that can have a representative about the real, which is our daily life. There are don't have the pure of a good person in this world, actually, the one who is going to help you will have some motivation, maybe he or she wants to be closer than you, or others of the reason. The only difference in motivation is good or bad.

Film Study- Corpse Bride

                                                      

  For the film study this week, the film I want to talk about is Corpse Bride, which is the movie that applies the concept of German Expressionism. It releases on 2005. It is an animation movie, the stop-motion animated dark comedy movie. In this kind of film, the audience can see a lot of the high contrast scene in the movie.

  German Expressionism, it is a filmic style that emerged in Germany from 1919 until 1926. It influenced by the Expressionist movement in modern art of the early 1900s. The Germany Expressionist started to fade as 1920s German film industry tries to imitate and compete with Hollywood films. The expressionism was not limited to painting only, it also manifests in the literature, theatre and architecture of Scandinavian and German-speaking countries. Most of the filmmakers whose migrated from Germany to the USA, they brought the filmmaking practice to Hollywood. It made a very big influence on horror films and film noir, the quality of these kinds of genre improve very well. The famous German Expressionist filmmakers are Fritz Lang, Robert Weine, and F.W.Murnau. The theme that inside the German Expressionism film is include revolt, self-analysis, madness and primitive, and sexual savagery. In the film Corpse Bride, there are also some of the themes were applied to it.

  The beginning of the story is talking about Victor has been arranging to marry a woman. However, Victor hadn’t met the woman before. When Victor met the girl, who named Victoria, they fall in love with each other. After several days, Victor was prepared to marry Victoria, but he forgot his wedding vows. When he passed the forest, he uncarefully places the ring on the corpse’ hands. The corpse who named Emily misunderstood Victor, and bring him to go to hell. Victor was tried back to his world and he knew about the story of Emily. When Victor knew Victoria was going to marry Mr. Barkis, he felt sad and decide to marry Emily by drink the poison. At the last, Emily stops Victor because she doesn’t want, he dead.

  There are some of the themes that the audiences can see in the movie, of example revolt. When Victoria’s parents want, she to marry Mr. Barkis, she very resists for the decision of her parents. She escapes to outside through the window, and try to request some help to save Victor because she knows that Victor is staying with a bride. The next theme is about madness. When Victor first arrived at the hell, which is the place od the dead people staying. Victor had feeling about the environment, the ghost or everything in the hell is very madness. So, he tries to escape the hell just because he feels fear of these. Thirdly, the body and the shape of the character is also a theme we could found out. We can notice that lots of the character’s body or face shape is very unnatural compared to the real human. In design, it can say that this a very stylized design of the character. For example, the mother of Victoria, the face shape of her is like a peanut. Do you imagine that can find out a peanut face in the real world? Back to the other theme is about the self-analysis. For example, in the film, Victor and Victoria don’t have any choice and must listen to the elder for the marriage. In that time, they don’t know each other, but they still follow their parent to meet and marry each other. It was not the decision of Victor and Victoria, they just follow what their parents want. Lastly but not least, the lighting also as the theme in this film. The lighting is related to another art movement, which is the surrealism content. The different of the light can show the different feeling for the audience, no matter a character or a place, it can be used to affect the feeling of the audience. It is a very important theme for the Germen Expression, because it can make the shadow to influence the feeling of the audience. For example, when Victor passes to the forest, there is a lot of the shadow caused by the trees. It makes the environment become very sombre and scary. Other than, some of the scene using the blue, red and green colour to make an effect of the contrast value, like the colour of living have lots of the shadow, lack of colour, using cool colour to show the town. It feels very boring and also lifeless compared to the hell, which is the place that put lots of the colour. By the ways, the ghost in the hell is more active than the living people.

  In conclusion, this movie was made by the German Expressionism and used some of the themes to attract the attention of the audiences. The director of this movie shows that It shows how well the theme can use like, especially the lighting, which is the high contrast also know as low-key lighting to create dramatic shadows.

Film Study: In the Mood for Love

                                                      

  In the Mood for Love is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic drama film. Wong Kar-wai as the writer, producer and also the director of this film. This film release at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival on 20 May. It is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all time and in 2016 was voted the second best film of the 21st century. The story is about Mr Chow (played by Tony Leung) and a Mrs Chan (Maggie Cheung) slowly have a feeling for each other. 

  In the story, the concept of French Expressionist Cinema was applied. What is French Expressionist Cinema? It will allow the audiences to feel the emotion of the character without the narration between the characters. It can show the emotion of the character by using some of the techniques like camera angles, editing and others. 

                                   

  The French Impressionism film actually focuses on the psychological of the characters, which is the feeling, emotion, mood or others. In the story, it doesn't give the message to the audiences directly， it tries to present the message through by some indirect ways. The audiences will start to guess the story and understand the feeling or thinking of the character.  For example, the scene that after Mr. Chow smoking in his office, and the smoke is clouded and very gloomy, it can suggest that the emotion of Mr. Chow is very confused, unclear and the thinking is stuck. The props like the wall, door, windows and others also can create the effect of the feeling between the characters. For example, we can notice that there has a bookshelf between the place of  Mr. Chow stand and Mrs. Chow working place. It shows that there have something between them, which is they have the gap between each other, they don't have more closely with each other anymore. The other of the example is showing the facial expression of the characters through by the mirror, it is the mirror narrative. This technique is using for showing the emotion of the character, make the space of the stage become bigger, and also show the reality of the character which is the personality or the emotion in the different perspective. One of the scenes in the movie is the mirror reflects nearby Mr Chow show the Mrs Chan facial expression is very shy and sit on the bed. Actually, it shows the true emotion of the character. The other way to show the emotion or behaviour of the character is the acting of the character. There has one scene in the movie which is Mr. Chow was sick and Mrs. Chan feels hesitant to visit him or not. She goes up the stair and goes down, and the action repeat many times. It shows the feeling of hesitating of Mrs. Chan.

  The lighting also the technique that can affect the emotion of the character. There have many of the contrast colour that we can found out in this movie, for example, when Mr Chow is smoking alone in the office, the value of the background very low and there has the light on Mr Chow, it shows the contrast of the colour between Mr Chow and the background. It suggests the feeling of sadness or depression. 

    The story is started in an exiled Shanghainese community in Hong Kong in 1962. Mr Chow and Mrs. Chan move to the same apartment on the same day. They become the next-door neighbours and their spouse always busy at work and leaves them alone. Mr Chow and Mrs Chan notice that others are always staying alone in their own room. Due to them have them have similar to the situation, they slowly close up with each other. They nurse suspicions about their partner fidelity. The conclusion is their spouses have been seeing each other, Mr Chow and Mrs Chan start to think about the situation that should happen of their spouses. Mr Chow invites Mr Chan to help him write a martial arts serial for the papers. Their neighbour notice that Mr Chow and Mrs Chan always together, the friendships between men and woman bear scrutiny on that day(1960s). As time goes by, they notice that they are fall in love with each other. However, their love doesn't have a good result at the end of the story.

  In conclusion, this film has presented the emotion or feeling of the character through by French Expressionist Cinema that without any of the dialogue. This kind of movie is my first time to watch, I feel very interesting that the ways of present the emotion of the character especially the ending of the movie, I think there would have some interaction in the ending, however, it just show Mr. Chow rely on the wall and doesn't show the facial expression. 

Film Study: Monster House

                                      

  The movie that we want to study is Monster House, which is the 3D computer-animated supernatural horror and comedy film. The human character was used in the live-action motion capture technique. This movie was directed by Gil Kenan and the release date was July 21 in 2006.

 About the genre of this film, this film had multiple genres like horror, comedy, action and adventure. These genres had using some of the film technique to achieve and match the genre like the sound, lighting and others of the elements.  Firstly, we discuss the horror genre. Same as the previous of the report (The Six Sense), the objective of horror genre movie is making the audience scary and the feeling of frighten. So, the main purpose of is making the scary of the audience. For the example, we can notice that when the Horace Nebbercracker come out from his house, the colour of his room is the black colour, which is dark, and the face is slowly come out from the door. It makes a strong contrast between the colour and the facial expression of him is very dynamic that makes the audience feels he is very scary. About the colour, we also can notice that the colour of the Horace Nebbercracker’s house and also the surrounding of the house is dark and cool colour. This make the audience become uncomfortable and also as the portent that will happen something.

  

  The next genre is about the comedy, which of the genre that wants to make the audiences laugh is the main purpose. Comedy is a sub-genre in this film, and it archives it task by some film techniques. For the example in the Monster House, the character who named Chowder, the archetype of character is a joker. The role of this archetype is making the fun for the character around him. The interaction with D.J. Walters makes the personality of him become obvious. He is acting very funny like do some stupid things and in front of girl will change the truth of his character. There also some of the comedy elements hiding in the film. The comedy as the sub-genre can make the film become more excited and interesting, while the plot of the story is boring.

  Thirdly, the action also as a sub-genre of this movie. Actually, the action film has some of the scenes of the fighting, escaping ad others scene that can attract the attention of the audiences and make the audiences become excited and enjoy the film. In the Monster House, there have two of the part that the audience can feel the action genre, which is the main character and his friends escape from the Monster House. On the way of escaping, the acting of them is very dynamic and also catch the attention of the viewers. The other scene is they escaping and fighting with the Monster House. D.J. Walters receives the dynamic from Horace Nebbercracker to destroy the Monster House. By the way, he wants to climb up to the high place to throw the dynamic because it only has one chance. When D.J Walters prepare to throw the dynamic, he faces the crisis that he almost fell down. About the camera angle of the action film, the audiences can notice that some of the event or action will have more than two shot from a different angle. For example, the famous artist Jakie Chan escape from an explosion, there will have different angle shot like high-angle shot, low-angle shot or bird’s-eye view. In the Monster House, when the dynamic explosion there have some of the camera angles, to show the area of explosion or the people who involve in the explosion.

  The last of the sub-genre is adventure. The adventure type of movie is related to the main character that wants to achieve or research something. When in the process, they will face some crisis or challenge. Same as the Monster House, while the main characters want to destroy the heart of Monster House, they almost got eaten by the Monster House. They find out some things that in the underground of the house and the green colour in this place make us feel that the mystery of the place.

  About the story, the little boy named D.J. Walters, who was spying his neighbour Mr. Horace Nebbercracker because of the cruel action. One day, D.J. Walters and his friend Chowder go into the lawn of Mr. Horace because want to pick up the ball. Mr. Horace comes out from his house and feels very angry, he catches up D.J. Walter. Suddenly, Mr. Horace was suffering a heart attack and taken away by the ambulance. They pick up the key that drops from Mr. Horace pocket. After Mr. Horace left, the house becomes a monster house that would eat the people near to it. They save the girl who named Jenny Bennett from the Monster House and decides to destroy the heart of the house. However, they fail to destroy the heart and escape. Mr. Horace comes back to the house and tells them the fact of the house. Mr. Horace decides to destroy the monster house and give the dynamic to D.J. Walters. Finally, they succeeded in destroying the house.

  In conclusion, Monster House was created by some of the genres, the main of the genre is horror and the sub-genre is action, comedy and also an adventure. The combination of the genres makes the movie become interesting and make the audience focus on the scene. I think this is a successful movie because it used lots of film techniques.

Film Study: The Sixth Sense

   

  

  The Sixth Sense is an American movie supernatural horror film which directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6 in 1999 and received well in the review of the movie which the acting performance, atmosphere and twist conclusion in the movie. In 1999, as the second-highest-grossing film, it earns about $293 million in the United State and $379 million in other markets. It became the highest-grossing horror film until 2017.

  This movie used lots of film techniques to categorized as a horror film. First of all, what is a horror film? The horror film is a genre of movie that makes the audiences elicit fear. In order to achieve this effect, the film director will use the place that familiar for the audience like washroom, bedroom, elevator and others as the space that to cut in some film techniques that related to the horror genre. For example, in The Sixth Sense, Cole sees the ghost passing and talking to him in the corridor of the house. It will make some of the audience links this sense to their daily life, which has a similar place in their house. As the horror movie, the most famous technique will be used in horror movie is jump scare, which is the technique that to scared or catch the attention of the audience by surprising them with an abrupt change in image or event, usually it will be accompanied by a loud and frightening sound. In The Sixth Sense, there have some of the scenes that used this technique. For example, when Crowe stayed with her wife for observing the broken window in their house, the shadow of the shadow of the figure passing the room suddenly. It had successfully for scaring and catch the attention of the audiences. In addition, the lighting of the scape also as important in the horror film. The audience can notice that the horror scene will only appear in the dark and gloomy place compare to other scenes. It will help to increase the feeling of scary. Due to the other scene, for example, the harmony scene is lighter and clear. The audience can feel very comfortable. The dark and gloomy of the space will give the audience a feeling of cool and forlorn. Next is about the background music. Background music has been the importance element until nowadays. The right use of background music(BGM) will make the audience have a sense about the ambience. It let the audiences involved in the scene in the movie.

  This movie was talking about the child psychologist, Dr. Malcolm Crowe who helped lots of children to help Cole Sear, who able to see and talk to the dead people. At the beginning of the story, the teenager appears in the room of Crowe and started to accuse Crowe of failing him. The teenager is one of his previous patients, Vincent Grey. Vincent shot Crowe and killing himself. The next fall, Crowe start to work with other patients, who is the main character of the story, Cole Sear. Crowe doubted himself that didn't have the ability to help Cole. However, he tried to help Cole, and he got Cole trust. Cole told his secret to Crowe, which was he can see the dead people, mean ghost. Cole decides to face the problem and start to learn live with the ghosts. He also begins to fit in his school compare to early of the story and become the main character in the school play. At the end of the story, Cole was resolved all of the problems, and Crowe noticed that he was already dead, caused by the shooting of Vincent, he wasn't ignored by his wife, the fact was his wife can't saw him.

  In my observation, the film techniques used in this movie is very well. About the first things talking about in the second paragraph, the use of the space is base on the internal thinking of the audience. What of the places can relate to daily life? What of the space that audiences usually stay off?  So that why 10 of the horror movie, 8 of them the ghost or the scary scene will appear in the washroom. About the next technique is jump scare. In this movie, the director hadn't used this technique from time to time. So it created the best of the effect, catch the attention of the audience on time. If a movie uses this technique from time to time, the audiences will get bored because they have already numbness for the scene. Background music, which is BGM used in this film also very nice, the BGM is suitable in all of the scene, the scary scene, warming scene and others. If the wrong use of BGM will create a weird effect, what will happen if the scary scene with action BGM? It will be very weird and not suitable.

  In conclusion, it is a very nice and interesting movie. What surprised me the most is about the ending which is the ending of Dr Malcolm Crowe. Although it is a horror movie, it has some of the subgenres apply in this movie. This makes the movie become more interesting and have a good storyline compare to some of the movies, it does not only focus on the scary scene in the movie.

Book Launch and Public Lecture: “Values to Bind and Build: A Reflection”

 

  

At 25 January 2019, there was a seminar held in University Tunku Abdul Rahman(UTAR), Sungai Long campus, KB-105 in block B and start by 10am. The title of the seminar also the launch of the book named “Value to Bind and Build: A Reflection”.

  The author of the book, YBhg. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Tan Chong Tin, was invited to give a speech to the audience about his book. This book is about the ethnic relation in Malaysia, there is need for intellectuals of different communities to build common ground as a foundation to ethnic harmony and nation building. About the ethnic relationship in Malaysia, they have been analyzed from different perspectives, like culture, law, political and history.

  Dato’ Dr. Tan Chong Tin said that one of the solutions is the paradigm shift to focus on needs for recognition and dignity. The key to grasping the psychological drive to ethnic harmony was to respect the role of “identity”, “collective self-esteem” and “dignity”. About his own personal appreciation of the collective identity and dignity is the field of epilepsy, where patients with epilepsy suffer far more from stigma, rather than the direct effect of epileptic convulsion. This was similar to understand the modern history nowadays, people need to appreciate the enormous in influenced by identity, collective self-esteem or ethnic and national dignity which would lead to the development of nationalism.

  “New Economic Policy” (NEP), is the most important national policy to achieve ethnic harmony since the 1969’s racial riots in Malaysia. NEP is built on the foundation that correct of national harmony cannot be achieved without ethnic equality. There is enormous growth of the Bumiputera professionals and middle class in the last fifty years, the ethnic tension has worsened.

  Secondly, Dr Tan also said that the dignity based on being recognized as competent. The neglected value was included the quality of education and English competency. The strong work ethic to be similarly as successful economically. All of the ethnic groups must develop and nature good work ethic, as ultimately work ethics determines economic productivity. The second is openness, the best example is China. The history of decline and rise of China has demonstrated the importance of openness as another key to economic competitiveness. A comprehensive approach to openness should include open-mindedness, the receptiveness to better ideas and willingness to adopt the best which is a meritocracy. The third neglected value is freedom, which is essential for nurturing of competence, creativity and maturity. One of the example that lack of freedom would result in loss of creativity is reflected in the low number of publication in the Arab world today. Pakistan American N Quereshi on authority: “Islamic cultures tend to establish people of high status as authorities, whereas the authority in Western culture is reason itself. When authority is derived from the position rather than reason, the act of questioning leadership is dangerous...”.

  The next was about the dignity of being recognized as good. Dr. Tan want to develop the theme that the core of a man’s self-esteem is ultimately moral. In Maslow’s hierarchy of human need, there has three level which the lowest level is physiological, the next is psychological and the highest level is about moral, such as truth, justice, goodness, perfection and meaningful. Dr. Tan give two example that was a fundamental issue in Malaysian life which include affirmative action policy and also the public space. Affirmative action policy is formerly a policy that to achieve social harmony. The underlying reasoning is that to have long term peace, a society should be the same or minimize the inequality of society. About the public space, the difference racial would have different faith share, it would be of help to emphasize for learning how to differentiate.

  Lastly was the needs of our individual differences or identities to be respected. It was about enhancing competence and goodness to strengthen ethnic self-esteem and dignity. In Malaysia, which is the country that multi-ethnic and multi-culture, whilst the historical Malay polity should be recognized, it is essential to accept and respect the identities of the minorities, including the language and culture. The identity of Chinese is rooted in a long history of civilization, preserved and transmitted by an idiographic script. The insistence of the Malaysian Chinese community on its vernacular schools is based on the need to learn the complicated language.

  In conclusion, people should have a paradigm shift to how we work at achieving ethnic harmony and change the perspective that looks at each other. No matter who you are, we are all people driven by emotions. The needs of emotional are the first to be recognized as competent and good, capable and want to contribute equally to the common goods, and our identities to be respected. This is the foundation of ethnic dignity that is the point to ethnic harmony.